Victims of Black Trade of Drugs
Dr.Raesdana, Iranian economist, have written a report on Drug Market in Iran. The report can be found
here.and
here you can see some photos of victims of organized business of drugs in Iran.
God Save Iran from This Man!!
Click here!
Rageh Omaar embarks on a unique journey inside what he describes as one of the most misunderstood countries in the ... Alle » world, looking at the country through the eyes of people rarely heard - ordinary Iranians.
It took a year of wrangling to get permission to film inside Iran but the result is an amazing portrayal of an energetic and vibrant country that is completely different to the usual images seen in the media. A country of contrastsRageh soon discovers that Tehran is a complex place and uncovers
a city of extremes of wealth and poverty, where some people survive on less than a dollar a day and others shop till they drop in glitzy shopping malls.Rageh meets with local people to hear their personal stories and feelings about the current state of affairs in Iran. There are stories of taxi drivers, wrestlers, business women, people working with drug addicts and the country's leading pop star and his manager - the 'Simon Cowell' of Iran.
Rageh Inside Iran transcends images of angry demonstrations and burning flags to reveal a country that isn't without its problems
but which is also fascinating, dynamic and hospitable. For Watching this film online
click here!
Jazayeri on the Run
Shahram Jazayeri one of corrupted businessmen who has been sentenced to about 30 years in jail, yesterday escaped from some policemen in street!! How? nobody know!
click here for a short text on him!
and News on his Big! Escape
here!
You can read the study of Mr.Atta Tarki on the
Iranian Energy Subsidy here!
Total faces investigation over $2bn Iran contract
A Paris judge has launched an investigation into allegations that Total, the French oil and gas group, paid bribes to win a $2bn gascontract in Iran almost a decade ago.
The move is a further blow for Christophe de Margerie, Total's head of exploration and production, who was involved in negotiating the Iranian South Pars contract and is due to take over as chief executive in February.
Mr de Margerie, head of Total's Middle East activities from 1995 to 1999, is facing separate charges over allegations that he was involved in corruption during the scandal-plagued UN oil-for-food programme in Iraq .
The latest investigation stems from the discovery of SFr100m ($82m) in two Swiss bank accounts, allegedly paid by Total to an Iranian intermediary to help the French company's consortium win the South Pars contract. The money has been frozen.
A French judicial official told the Financial Times that Switzerland had dropped its money laundering inquiry into the affair and passed evidence to the Paris prosecutor. Total declined to comment.
One of the judges charged with the new investigation, Philippe Courroye, is also running the investigation into Mr de Margerie over the oil-for-food corruption case. The move is a further setback for the image of France 's biggest company, which has a market capitalisation of more than 130bn ($171bn) and 95,000 staff. Yet investors seemed relatively sanguine about the news, and Total shares fell 50 cents to 54.50.
Mr de Margerie is due to succeed Thierry Desmarest as chief executive when the latter steps up to be chairman after the group's annual results in February.
Known as "Big Moustache" for his grey handlebar moustache, the 55-year-old expert on the Gulf region's oil sector has denied all charges of corruption in the oil-for-food scandal.
Total won the South Pars contract in 1997 as part of an international consortium, including Russia 's Gazprom , Malaysia 's Petronas and Iran 's state-owned NIOC.
The French group has been in Iran since the 1950s, though recently it resisted pressure from the US to isolate the Islamic state over its controversial nuclear enrichment programme.
Total gave its 40 per cent stake in the South Pars project back to NIOC in2004 under the terms of the deal. But it still has rights to a share of production from the gas field, equivalent to 18,000 barrels this year, below 1 per cent of its global production.
The French fraud squad raided Total's headquarters in March on behalf of Swiss authorities in relation to the bribery case. But Total and the French government prevented the findings of the search from being used for "national interest" reasons.
Martin Arnold in Paris source: FT Tuesday, Dec 19, 2006
Paying Illegal Kickbacks by TOTAL
Total reportedly under investigation over kickbacks on Iran fieldParis—French oil major Total is being probed on suspicion of paying illegal kickbacks
for the rights to exploit an Iranian gas field between 1996 and 2003, a source close to the inquiry said December 19, quoted by AFP.
French authorities opened an investigation December 18 into the alleged misuse of company funds and the corruption of foreign civil servants, after a tip-off from authorities in Switzerland where the suspect funds were discovered.
Around SFr100 million ($80 million), believed by investigators to have been used to secure the Iranian contract, were found in two Swiss bank accounts, according to the source. Swiss authorities have opened a separate investigation for money laundering and the funds have been frozen.A Total spokeswoman said the group was not aware of the launch of an investigation. “Obviously, we cannot offer any comment,” she said, adding: “ Iran is a sensitive country and we have teams working there, so we are all the more careful.”
According to a source close to the inquiry, some of the money is believed to have benefited a relative of the former Iranian president Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani. The Iranian gas field in question was developed as part of a joint venture between Total, an Iranian firm, and Russia ’s state-controlled energy giant Gazprom.The biggest company on the Paris stock market with a valuation of Eur129 billion, Total is already under investigation on suspicion of making illegal payments to gain access to various foreign markets in the late 1990s. The group’s deputy CEO, Christophe de Margerie, was placed under investigation in October for complicity in the misuse of company funds and the corruption of foreign civil servants (ON 10/23).
French financial judge Philippe Courroye, who is investigating both cases, has been trying to establish whether Total bypassed the oil embargo imposed by the United Nations on Saddam Hussein’s Iraq .
In 2005, the Total probe led the judge to uncover a French connection to the UN oil-for-food scandal. A dozen people, including former interior minister Charles Pasqua, have since been placed under investigation for abuses of the 1996-2003 scheme, which was intended to allow Baghdad to sell limited quantities of oil in exchange for food and medicines.—Staff reports
Dec. 20, 2006 Platts
For thoese of you whom would like to take an online certificate on Conflict Analysis,
click here
I just saw a link which seems something like a secret roadmap suggested by Iranian officials to Americans during reformist government . I wonder about the validity of this document ,but it can be something about political deals on the shadow!
For reading this story , click here!or click here :
Washingtonpost
Jahangir Amuzgar,former member of the IMF Executive Board and Minister of Economics and Finance during Shah government has analyzed underground economy in Iran.
For reading his article
click here
How to Write a Good Paper in Political Science
Like many skills, writing good papers in political science (or other subjects) takes practice. But good papers also share important characteristics. It is these tips that you will find useful. Despite the somewhat subjective nature of evaluating papers, many professors have very similar views on what constitute a good paper.
Rather than "reinventing the wheel," I will put together a few examples in this document, instead of writing one of mine. You can compare them and judiciously apply the ideas from these examples in your own papers. I will also add new resources to this site.
From Stephen Van Evera, Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science (Cornell University Press, 1997) General Format
The following general format is often appropriate: "tell them what you=re going to tell them; then tell them; then tell them what you told them."
Introduction Format
Begin your paper with a short summary introduction. This summary introduction should answer up to five (5) questions:
- What question or questions do you address?
- Why do these questions arise? From what literature or real-world events? Offer background that clarifies your questions and puts them in context.
- What answer or answers do you offer? Summarize your bottom line in a few sentences.
- How will you reach your answers? Say a few words about your sources and methods.
- What comes next? Provide a roadmap to the rest of the paper: "Section I explains how I began my life of crime; Section II details my early arrests; Section III describes my trip to death row; Section IV offers general theoretical conclusions and policy implications." Something of that sort.
Number 1 ("What is your question?"), number 2 ("Why does this question arise?"), and number 3 ("What is your answer?") are essential: make sure you cover them. Numbers 4 and 5 are optional.
Summary introductions of this sort help readers grasp your argument. They also help you diagnose problems with your paper. A summary introduction can be hard to write. A possible reason: gaps or contradictions in your arguments or evidence, which summary exposes. Solution: rethink and reorganize your paper.
Conclusion Format
Authors often recapitulate their argument in their conclusion; however, a good summary introduction often makes a full summary conclusion redundant. If so, recapitulate quickly and then use your conclusion to explore the implications of your argument. What policy prescriptions follow from your analysis? What general arguments does it call into question, and which does it reinforce? What further research projects does it suggest?
Argumentation
Four injunctions on argumentation should be kept in mind.
- Use empirical evidence--facts, numbers, history--to support your argument. Purely deductive argument is sometimes appropriate, but argument backed by evidence is always more persuasive.
- Clearly frame the general point(s) that your evidence supports. Don't ask facts to speak for themselves. To summarize points 1 and 2: offer evidence to support your arguments and state the arguments your evidence supports.
- "Argue against yourself." After laying out your argument, acknowledge questions or objections that a skeptical reader might raise, and briefly address them. This shows readers that you were thoughtful, thorough, and paid due regard to possible objections or alternate interpretations. Often, of course, the skeptic would have a good point, and you should grant it. Don't claim too much for your theories or evidence!
- Use footnotes to document all sources and statements of fact. On footnote and citation format, consult and obey Kate L. Turabian, A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, and Dissertations, 6th ed., rev. John Grossman and Alice Bennett (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996), in paperback. You should own a copy.
Writing
Good writing is essential to clear thinking and effective communication. So bear the following points in mind:
- Your paper should make a single point or a handful of related points and should follow a simple organization. Avoid cluttering it with extra points. If you developed an argument that later became ancillary as you rethought your paper, drop the argument from the paper. This is painful ("I sweated hours on that idea!") but extraneous argument drain power from your main argument.
- Break your paper into numbered sections and subsections. More sections is better than fewer. Sections help readers see the structure of your argument. Label sections with vivid section headings that convey the main message of the section.
- we recommend the following structure for sections/subsections :
- Your argument;
- Your support evidence;
- Counterarguments, qualifications, and limiting conditions of your argument.
- Start each section with several sentences summarizing the argument presented in the section. You may cut these summaries from your final draft if they seem redundant with your summary introduction, but you should include them in your first drafts to see how they look. Writing such summaries is also a good way to force yourself to decide what you are and are not doing in each section, and to force yourself to confront contradictions or shortcomings in your argument. Often these section summaries are best written after you write the section, but don't forget to add them at some point.
- Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that distills the point of the paragraph.(1) Later sentences should offer supporting material that explains or elaborates the point of the topic sentence. Qualifications or refutation to counterarguments should then follow. In short, paragraphs should have the same structure as whole sections. A reader should be able to grasp the thrust of your argument by reading only the first couple of sentences of every paragraph.
- Write short, declarative sentences. Avoid the passive voice. (Passive voice: "The kulaks were murdered"--but who did it? Active voice: "Stalin murdered the kulaks.")
- Write from an outline. Outlines are major aids to coherence and readability.
- Write at a level appropriate for college undergraduate readers--i.e., smart readers without much background knowledge on your topic. In fact your class papers will be read by teachers who probably know something about your topic, but they want to see how you would lay out your argument for folks who don't.
For more advice on writing see William Strunk Jr. and E. B. White, The Elements of Style, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1979), and Teresa Pelton Johnson, "Writing for International Security: A Contributor's Guide," International Security 16 (Fall 1991): 171-80.(2)
If you are doing a research paper, you might also consult Kate L. Turabian, A Student's Guide to Writing College Papers, 3rd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976), for advice.(3)
Vetting
Ask a friend or two to give your paper a look before you turn it in; and return the favor for them when they have a paper under way. Two heads are better than one, and giving and receiving comments are important skills.
General Beauty Tips
Take care to turn in a neat, clean paper. Run your spellchecker. A messy-looking paper suggests a messy mind.
How to Learn More about How to Write Papers
Reread articles you or others admire and imitate their better aspects.
Source: www.richmond.edu/~vwang/Paperwriting.html
